Observations suggesting that there exist multiple types of transsexualism date back to the early 20th century.
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The World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) objected to the inclusion of a mention of autogynephilia that was added to the DSM-5, calling it an unproven theory. Biologist and trans activist Julia Serano criticized the typology as flawed, unscientific, and needlessly stigmatizing. : 415Ĭritics of the typology include sexologists John Bancroft and Charles Allen Moser, and psychologist Margaret Nichols. : 37 Dreger stated that Blanchard, Bailey, and Lawrence all agree that any trans woman who would benefit from sex reassignment surgery should receive it.
: 37 Lawrence stated that, before Blanchard, the idea that arousal in response to cross-dressing or cross-gender fantasy meant that one was not transsexual was a recurring theme in scholarly literature. : 1–2 According to Lawrence, Blanchard's typology broke from earlier ones which "excluded the diagnosis of transsexualism" for arousal in response to cross-dressing. Supporters argue that the typology explains differences between the two groups in childhood gender nonconformity, sexual orientation, history of fetishism, and age of transition.
Michael Bailey, James Cantor, Anne Lawrence, and bioethicist Alice Dreger. Supporters of the typology include sexologists J. Blanchard categorized trans women into two groups: homosexual transsexuals who are attracted exclusively to men, and who seek sex reassignment surgery because they are feminine in both behavior and appearance and autogynephilic transsexuals who are sexually aroused at the idea of having a female body. Psychological typology to classify types of transsexualsīlanchard's transsexualism typology is a proposed psychological typology of gender dysphoria, transsexualism, and fetishistic transvestism, created by sexologist Ray Blanchard through the 1980s and 1990s, building on the work of prior researchers, including his colleague Kurt Freund.